The Functions Of A Hospitality Manager

The Functions Of A Hospitality Manager The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources. The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The hospitality industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information. Hospitality is the relationship between guest and host, or the act or practice of being hospitable. Specifically, this includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events, and other services for travelers and tourists. A managers primary challenge is to solve problems creatively. While drawing from a variety of academic disciplines, and to help managers respond to the challenge of creative problem solving, principles of management have long been categorized into the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the P-O-L-C framework). The four functions, summarized in the P-O-L-C figure, are actually highly integrated when carried out in the day-to-day realities of running an organization. Therefore, you should not get caught up in trying to analyze and understand a complete, clear rationale for categorizing skills and practices that compose the whole of the P-O-L-C framework. It is important to note that this framework is not without criticism. Specifically, these criticisms stem from the observation that the P-O-L-C functions might be ideal but that they do not accurately depict the day-to-day actions of actual managers. The typical day in the life of a manager at any level can be fragmented and hectic; with the constant threat of having priorities dictated by the law of the trivial many and important few. However, the general conclusion seems to be that the P-O-L-C functions of management still provide a very useful way of classifying the activities managers engage in as they attempt to achieve organizational goals. ? Hospitality organization Front desk manager (General Manager ? Front desk manager ? Front desk staff) Function: ? Create and produce reports as required. ? Coordinate schedules, payroll and expenses to meet or fall below budget. ? Participates in property initiatives. ? Ensure that guest data and management reporting is processed efficiently and accurately while maintaining proper security standards. ? Ensure that all accounting transaction and cash handling procedures are in compliance. ? Relive front office departments for breaks/lunches. ? Conduct regular monthly meetings with members of the Front Office and Communication Team to address current initiatives, projects and long term goals. ? Pro actively identify potential guest issues. ? Assist housekeeping in day-to-day activities. ? Recruit, hire, train and retain associates for all supervised departments. ? Develop monthly training items to foster development and cross training with other departments. ? Perform associate evaluations, provide coaching and development. ? Monitor guest satisfaction processes, and respond to guest concerns, and inquiries. Housekeeping manager (General Manager ? housekeeping manager? housekeeping staff) Function: ? Manage the day-to-day activities of the housekeeping department. ? Plan, schedule, and organize work to ensure proper coverage. ? Communicate and enforce policies and procedures. ? Ensure all staff are properly trained and have the tools and equipment needed to effectively carry out their respective job duties. ? Develop and implement procedures for managing quality of housekeeping and laundry services. ? Control expenses within all areas of housekeeping. ? Participate in the preparation of the annual departmental operating budget and financial plans which support the overall objectives of the hotel. ? Conduct pre-shift meeting and review all information pertinent to the days activities. ? Establish par levels for supplies and equipment. ? Replenish shortages and other business supplies for daily business. ? Promote teamwork and quality service through daily communication and coordination with other departments. ? Assist with deep cleaning projects and assist housekeeping staff during unanticipated rush periods. Food and Beverage manager (General Manager ? FNB manager ? FNB staff) Function: ? Check that sufficient table linen, food and sundry items have been requisitioned for service periods and that buffer stocks are maintained. ? Allocate jobs and stations, monitoring the completion of tasks before, during and following service periods. ? Ensure the restaurant is cleaned and fully prepared ready for service checking table layouts, sideboards, buffets, special displays etc. ? Check buffet food levels are maintained during service, according to customer demand. ? Greet, seat, take orders, assist guests with food and wine selection. Check customer satisfaction during service. ? Liaise with the kitchen, for menu content, special customer requests, queries and complaints/compliments. ? Promote the menu and special offers. ? Ensure all post-service tasks are completed (e.g. unused foods/dishes/drinks are returned to kitchen, bar or cellar). ? Assist with planning and organizing of special functions/seasonal events/projects. ? Complete required administrative functions (e.g. customer bills, reports, time sheets) and assist with annual budget preparation. ? Ensure effective security of keys and property company, guest and personal. ? Deal with lost property. ? Challenge and report any person acting suspiciously. ? Display and encourage a high level of personal hygiene, customer care courtesy and social skill. ? Assist guests and promote the hotels other facilities and services. ? Function of the hospitality manager Then term management refers to the process of ensuring employees work together efficiently and effectively to achieve the goals set by the organization in which they work. Managing physical and human resources to achieve an organizations customer service goals requires managers to be able to effectively plan, organize, lead and control. Four function of the hospitality manager: (POIC) Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Planning Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. Planning requires that managers be aware of environmental conditions facing their organization and forecast future conditions. It also requires that managers be good decision makers. Planning is a process consisting of several steps. The process begins with environmental scanning which simply means that planners must be aware of the critical contingencies facing their organization in terms of economic conditions, their competitors, and their customers. Planners must then attempt to forecast future conditions. These forecasts form the basis for planning. Planners must establish objectives, which are statements of what needs to be achieved and when. Planners must then identify alternative courses of action for achieving objectives. After evaluating the various alternatives, planners must make decisions about the best courses of action for achieving objectives. They must then formulate necessary steps and ensure effective implementation of plans. Finally, planners must constantly evaluate the success of their plans and take corrective action when necessary. For example: To guide their employees To achieve their goals Short-term plan Organizing Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to as organizational design decisions. Organizing also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization. Decisions must be made about the duties and responsibilities of individual jobs, as well as the manner in which the duties should be carried out. Decisions made about the nature of jobs within the organization are generally called job design decisions. Organizing at the level of the organization involves deciding how best to departmentalize, or cluster, jobs into departments to coordinate effort effectively. There are many different ways to departmentalize, including organizing by function, product, geography, or customer. Many larger organizations use multiple methods of departmentalization. Organizing at the level of a particular job involves how best to design individual jobs to most effectively use human resources. Traditionally, job design was based on principles of division of labor and specialization, which assumed that the more narrow the job content, the more proficient the individual performing the job could become. However, experience has shown that it is possible for jobs to become too narrow and specialized. For example, how would you like to screw lids on jars one day after another, as you might have done many decades ago if you worked in company that made and sold jellies and jams? When this happens, negative outcomes result, including decreased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, increased absenteeism, and turnover. For example: Need to be allocated to individuals on the service team. This is known as task analysis. Ensure that every task is performed effectively and efficiently. Develop an organization chart and allocating duties. Make sure that enough trained staff on duty. Inadequate staffing is a frequent cause of customer dissatisfaction. Leading Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives. The behavioral sciences have made many contributions to understanding this function of management. Personality research and studies of job attitudes provide important information as to how managers can most effectively lead subordinates. For example, this research tells us that to become effective at leading, managers must first understand their subordinates personalities, values, attitudes, and emotions. Studies of motivation and motivation theory provide important information about the ways in which workers can be energized to put forth productive effort. Studies of communication provide direction as to how managers can effectively and persuasively communicate. Studies of leadership and leadership style provide information regarding questions, such as, What makes a manager a good leader? and In what situations are certain leadership styles most appropriate and effective? For example: Giving instructions or telling and showing people what to do. Controlling Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards. Controlling consists of three steps, which include establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance against standards, and taking corrective action when necessary. Performance standards are often stated in monetary terms such as revenue, costs, or profits but may also be stated in other terms, such as units produced, number of defective products, or levels of quality or customer service. The measurement of performance can be done in several ways, depending on the performance standards, including financial statements, sales reports, production results, customer satisfaction, and formal performance appraisals. Managers at all levels engage in the managerial function of controlling to some degree. The managerial function of controlling should not be confused with control in the behavioral or manipulative sense. This function does not imply that managers should attempt to control or to manipulate the personalities, values, attitudes, or emotions of their subordinates. Instead, this function of management concerns the managers role in taking necessary actions to ensure that the work-related activities of subordinates are consistent with and contributing toward the accomplishment of organizational and departmental objectives. Effective controlling requires the existence of plans, since planning provides the necessary performance standards or objectives. Controlling also requires a clear understanding of where responsibility for deviations from standards lies. Two traditional control techniques are budget and performance audits. An audit involves an examination and verification of records and supporting documents. A budget audit provides information about where the organization is with respect to what was planned or budgeted for, whereas a performance audit might try to determine whether the figures reported are a reflection of actual performance. Although controlling is often thought of in terms of financial criteria, managers must also control production and operations processes, procedures for delivery of services, compliance with company policies, and many other activities within the organization. The management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are widely considered to be the best means of describing the managers job, as well as the best way to classify accumulated knowledge about the study of management. Although there have been tremendous changes in the environment faced by managers and the tools used by managers to perform their roles, managers still perform these essential functions. For example: Check that everything for they are responsible is on track. Carefully balance these functions, the controlling process. Eventually reveal that things are going wrong. ? Conclusion In my opinion, any function of manager must included four main functions, planning, organizing, leading, controlling. Even different type of manager has their own function; their main function is same with others, such as: front desk manager control his/her staff working process and eventually reveal that things are going wrong, this is same with housekeeping manager control his/her housekeeper working process if they do anything wrong, housekeeping manager must correct it. Q2. List down any dining restaurant and explain what were the operations strategy and the new challenges for future growth. Introduction The term Fine Dining brings to mind all kinds of images, from crisp white table cloths to waiters in tuxedos. Fine dining, just as the name suggests, offers patrons the finest in food, service and atmosphere. It is also the highest priced restaurant you can operate. While you may bring in mucho bucks with a fine dining restaurant you will also pay out more money than if you were running a more casual restaurant, such as a diner or caf. There are three main areas of focus with a fine dining restaurant: the menu, service and atmosphere. ? Fine Dining Restaurant Business Plan Gabris Restaurant Lounge Operations strategy: Competitive Edge: Our competitive edge is the menu, the chef, the environment, the management, the service and our friendly place! We will have an international menu and our food will be made with the freshest ingredients and produce available. The chef has an excellent taste for what fine dining is and requires. Our environment is elegant and comfortable and our decor is warm and relaxing. Great service is very important to us. The management and servers will handle every detail to make customers special evening even more special! All this and our great atmosphere will make customers want to come back again and again! Marketing Strategy The total population in New Jersey is 8,414,350 people. 615,301 people live in Monmouth County, 50% between 25-55 years old. That is the age group that dines out two to three times a week and spends an average $795 a month on food and drinks. There are 224,447 households in Monmouth County and an average 2.7 persons per household. The median family income in Monmouth County averages, $64,271/year. There are 636 registered businesses in Long Branch with 7,885 employees. We mention that there are over 200,000 Scandinavians living in New Jersey and most of them live within 30 miles of Long Branch. We will be serving some Swedish cuisine as there is no Scandinavian restaurant in New Jersey. Our primary customer base is from Long Branch, West Long Branch, Monmouth Beach, Rumson, Little Silver, Middletown, Red Bank, Shrewsbury, Deal, Eatontown, Freehold, Oceanport, Allenhurst, Asbury Park. Sales Strategy Our sales plan is to establish and maintain position with our local customers. The strategy is to build more customers in order to increase revenue. A sale in our business is client service. It is repeat business. We will focus on making all our customers happy with our food, service and entertainment options. Our strategy in the restaurant is to have an experienced staff that knows the food, wine and liquor. We will train every new employee so they will fit in with Gabris concept, which is Wonderful food, reasonably-priced wine and knowledgeable service in an outstanding atmosphere. Exit Strategy No one attempt a business anticipating failure, however sometimes ventures do not fulfill their promise. We at Gabris are committed to our concept and its viability. In the event that our venture cannot achieve profitability and retire the encumbrances; we will first attempt to sell the operation and use the proceeds to clear all outstanding balances. If we are unable to sell the operation for sufficient proceeds we will forced to default whereby the SBA loan will be in senior standing. Any further outstanding balances will be borne by the investors on a weighted percentage basis of the total amounts due in bankruptcy proceedings. New challenge for future growth Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table as annual figures. The key underlying assumptions are: ? We assume a slow-growth economy, without major recession. ? We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in the expectancy in the popularity of our restaurant. ? We assume access to investments and financing are sufficient to maintain and fulfill our financial plan as shown in the tables. General Assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Long-term Interest Rate 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% Tax Rate 34.58% 35.00% 34.58% Other 0 0 0 Conclusion Their strategy is simple; they intend to succeed by giving people a combination of excellent and interesting food in an environment that appeals to a wide and varied group of successful people. They will focus on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in their community. Their main focus in marketing will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding communities. Their will direct all of their tactics and programs toward the goal of explaining who they are and what they do. They will keep their standards high and execute the concept so that word-of-mouth will be their main marketing force. Their will create an appealing and entertaining environment with unbeatable quality at an exceptional price. An exciting and friendly restaurant, they will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of their concept is the most critical element of their plan. All menu items are moderately priced for the area. While they are not striving to be the lowest-priced restaurant, they are aiming to be the value leader.

Misleading Graphs

â€Å"Graphs give a visual representation that enables readers to analyze and interpret data more easily than they could simply by looking at numbers. However, inappropriately drawn graphs can misrepresent the data and lead the reader to false conclusions† (Bluman, 2009, p. 76). Some methods used by graph makers to mislead consumers are truncated axis starting points and using two dimensional pictures rather than simple bars or lines. Problems The graph we chose as our project is flawed in many ways. The chart has no title, no scale on the vertical axis, and no labels for the horizontal axis. There is no way to determine what type of data is being represented other than â€Å"singles† of some kind being sold. Whether these are single units of something, single rooms rented, Kraft singles cheese slices, or something else entirely is uncertain. The missing labels on the horizontal axis also deprive the viewer from knowing exactly how the data is being tracked. The columns certainly look like they represent years but it could be something else entirely. Another large issue with this graph is that the two dimensional viewpoint makes it seem as if the 1995 column is far taller than the rest of the data when in fact it is the same height as the 1997 column. Effect on Users When the graph is misleading, it becomes hard for the reader to accurately understand what the graph is trying to show. The largest problem with this graph is the lack of information provided about what is being studied. There is no title provided to give the reader a general idea of what information is being shown. The graph fails to show the frequency amount of the â€Å"number of singles being sold†, or even what the single is exactly. The fact that there is little labeling on the vertical axis and none on the horizontal axis can be misleading and could cause the users to think that the graph is representing something different than it really is. The graph can also be misleading to it users because of the fact that it is set up as a two dimensional graph. When looking at the graph the closer the bars are the larger they are made to appear. So while it looks like the first bar is the tallest it is no taller than the third bar. Corrections To correct our chosen graph we first start by appointing an appropriate product for the â€Å"number of singles sold,† and in choosing our product it will also help us to decide our chart title which is â€Å"Annual CD singles sales. The scale on the vertical axis contains the year of sales, and the horizontal axis contains the amount of sales or the number of CD singles sold. And the graph has changed to a simple bar graph for better reader understanding. These corrections make the graph more informational and contain a better frequency than before. And the labeling of both the horizontal and vertical axis helps the graph to better represent the product to the user. And changing to the bar graph will show the graph’s strongest and weakest years of sales.

Childhood Obesity and My Entrepreneurial Idea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1805 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Abstract America is one of the countries in the world with the highest rates of childhood obesity. Various databases register over 13.7 million victims struggling with the health challenge. As a public health matter, various attempts have been made to help to stop or reduce the rising number of obese children. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Obesity and My Entrepreneurial Idea" essay for you Create order Notably, secondary and tertiary levels have commonly been used. Therefore, it is vital to create a health promotion model that relies on primary and secondary levels of obesity prevention. However, the model is built in line with Evidence-Based Research and Practice (EBP) including the components and the Evidence Research Practice (EBP) model itself. If you were to turn the plan into a potential business, resources will need to be collected, objectives and goals established. To sustainably operate this idea, shareholders will be paramount, and more effort placed in outreach activities to guide parents and monitor the childs progress will be needed. Childhood Obesity and My Entrepreneurial Idea Childhood obesity is best understood as a health challenge that affects both children and teenagers. It is known to occur due to the existence of too many fats within the body. For a child to be declared obese, he or she must be overweight beyond the medically required normal measurement (CDC, 2018). However, age is also an important factor in determining if a child is in fact obese. This health challenge is noted to be on the gradual increase in the United States. Various strategies are hereby required to combat it. There are many public health initiatives that have been undertaken. Five prevention levels have been streamlined and they include the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary and primordial levels of disease prevention. However, the most common types of prevention levels are the first three. In this paper it will review childhood obesity as it gradually rises in the United States and then propose the creation of an entrepreneurial plan in form of a health promotion that will be aimed at reducing it or if possible solving the challenge completely. There are possibilities of other health challenges occurring in the due course of the health promotion program. This significantly alters the goal thus interfering with the childs results. Other health promotion components include advocacy and the emphasis on proper nutrition for obese children. In adherence to the outlined health promotion components in line with an evidenced-based research (EBR), it is more likely that the challenge can be reduced (Levels of Prevention, 2013). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the latest statistics show that 18.5% is a general prevalence of obesity in the United States with an approximated 13.7 million teenagers and children combined. This is only among children and teenagers between the ages of 2 and 19 years. To be exact, obesity of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years cover a total of 13.9% and children between the ages of 6 and 11 are 18.4%. If we are to take into consideration the various ethnicities, the prevalence of the disease is most common among the Hispanic with 25.8% in comparison to the 22% among the non-Hispanic blacks. To address the matter above, a health promotion plan is required. First, the components of a health promotion plan must be identified. To begin with, goal setting is foremost to understand the direction of the health program. Here, the goal is to gradually reduce the weight of these obese children. This must be focused on solving childhood obesity as the core problem. During the initial training, the childs parents/caretakers must be advised on the importance of healthy eating habits instead of stopping the child from specific diets or foods (Public Health its Five Levels of Prevention, 2016). Parents must also learn and understand the psychological impact that some obese children can suffer from. Healthy, open communication must be introduced to deal with any resulting issues, for example isolation or depression. A child must feel as though the issue is being taken care of. The health promotion component of physical activity must be handled with ultimate concern. A child that is obese needs exercise to promote health. Another component of health promotion among obese children is the fact that the victims health must be maintained. To support the health promotion for childhood obesity which is on the rise, it is required to suggest an evidence-based model that supports it. An evidence-based model is explained as a systematic framework availed for nurses to integrate well-articulated interventions that are clinically evidenced with ethical inclusions (CDC, 2018). One example of an Evidence-Based Model is the Parents as Teachers (PAT) model. This type of model offers the simple and visual elaboration of the parents as teachers of their own child. (Morshed et al., 2018). The parents as teachers model comprise of 4 key components that interrelate with each other. For example, a one-on-one with the parent and the child. Here, home visits are done to ensure that results are being attained. Others include group connections, Health and developmental screening for the obesity stricken child, and lastly, a resource-oriented network for the affected families. Relating the identified Evidence-Based Practice model (EBP) to the health promotion model under creation, the two concepts potentially address the public health challenge as both primary and secondary levels of disease prevention. The suggested PAT model offers parents an avenue to teach their own children matters concerning living a healthy life (Morshed et al., 2018). As a primary prevention for the health promotion strategy, talking to children out of depression as a component of health promotion is a paramount move. Parents must be taught that for their obese children to revive their health, they should gain or rather maintain weight slowly instead of losing it at once. Relating this to the health maintenance components of the health promotion program, the program becomes viable if the rules are followed. The PAT evidenced-based model offers regular visitations to parents and their obese children purposely to monitor progress. The attribution training component of the health promotion program demands parents to embrace the facts and beliefs that the children can potentially get better under their own guidance. Precisely, the increasing obesity challenge among children in the United States can be outplayed by using the outlined health promotion strategy under the PAT Evidence-Based Practice. Interventions for childhood obesity yield more results when parents are involved. Implementing a Plan to Help Reduce Childhood Obesity In order to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States, a streamlined health promotion plan must be implemented. The objectives of the health promotion are to involve parents in the due process of reducing obesity among the diagnosed children to 5 percent. Here, out of the 50 states in America, there are 24 others already with the program. This implies that 26 other states do not have PAT health promotion programs running (Morshed et al., 2018). Therefore, the 26 states are the potential markets in which the health promotion can be launched for the operation to reduce the increasing numbers of childhood obesity cases. The collaborating partners are the professional regulatory body known as NNA, the Ottawa Charter Groups who venture in creating supportive environments for health development, and the parents union who must undertake the overall responsibility. The health promotion program addresses the health people 2020 which focusses on the planned action to redu ce the obesity prevalence amongst the United States population. Entrepreneurial Component Nursing entrepreneurship is a business-oriented concept that identifies a nurse or group whose interest falls in offering nursing services in a legal but financially beneficial manner. Here, nurses use their own creativity to develop unique concepts that help in providing solutions (International Council of Nurses, n.d). However, a nurse entrepreneurs services must revolve around healthcare products or services under the regulatory system such as the National Nurse Association (NNA). Before venturing into the nursing fraternity, a nurse is expected to consider the legally defined legitimacy, credibility from society and the operating conditions. The Business or Component to Institute Every nurse is trained to serve the interests of the childs and other stakeholders within health facilities. However, today, nurses have moved out of their comfort zone to create and innovate concepts that enhance the quality of healthcare services which are offered for a financial return. For example, a plan for the health promotion program if successfully implemented potentially addresses the public health issue of obesity in the United States (International Council of Nurses, n.d). The business component for the health promotion business plan will be established facilities across various states with a kids gym, PAT departments and a highly qualified inspection team to conduct follow-ups, create partnerships with schools purposely to reach out to the victims easily, and a counseling team. T he purpose of the health promotion plan is to fight the socially prevalent obesity among children at an affordable cost for every victim to afford. The mission of the plan is to equip parents with basic skills to manage obesity stricken children in families with genetically recurring situations. The goal is to arrive at an obesity-free and productive future generation. Resources can be raised from donations, proprietor capital worth 50,000 US Dollars for the first five establishments. Sustaining the venture will be through annual shareholder advertisements and outreach actions to find and train parents besides monitoring child progress. Conclusion To conclude, childhood obesity is understood as a persistently rising health challenge in the United States of America. Statistics show that over 13.7 million children and teenagers are struggling with obesity. As a public health challenge, it is noted that the most strategic preventive action is done by applying a health promotion which incorporates both primary and secondary preventive levels. The promotional components are integrated with the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) which later n derives a comprehensive health promotion model such as the Parents as Teachers (PAT) model. To implement the health promotion model, the objective, goal, sustainability, population and many other factors are explained. Nursing entrepreneurs nowadays creatively innovate solutions for childs at a fee. Regarding the above health promotion model, a plan to make a business out of it is streamlined and explained in details. However, sustainability simply lies within outreach activities and shareholder advertisements. References CDC. (2018, August 13). Childhood Obesity Facts | Overweight Obesity | CDC. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html International Council of Nurses (n.d). Guidelines on the Nurse Entre/ Intrapreneur Providing Nursing Service, Retrieved from https://www.ipnig.ca/education/Guidelines-NurseEntre-ICN.pdf Levels of Prevention [Video file]. (2013, May 29). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.bev=TlGe80Mi85Uapp=desktop Morshed, A. B., Tabak, R. G., Schwarz, C. D., Haire-Joshu, D. (2018). The Impact of a Healthy Weight Intervention Embedded in a Home-Visiting Program on Childrens Weight and Mothers Feeding Practices. Journal of nutrition education and behavior. Public Health its Five Levels of Prevention [Video file]. (2016, February 26). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgyN9Xotpw0feature=youtu.be

How to Open a Genealogy GEDCOM File

If youve spent much time online researching your family tree, then it is likely that youve either downloaded a GEDCOM file (extension .ged) from the Internet or received one from a fellow researcher. Or you may have an old GEDCOM file on your computer from research you entered years ago into a now-defunct family history software program. In other words, you have a nifty family tree file which may contain vital clues to your ancestors and your computer cant seem to open it. What to do? Open a GEDCOM File Using Stand-Alone Genealogy Software These instructions will work to open GEDCOM files in most family tree software programs. See your programs help file for more specific instructions. Launch your family tree program and close any open genealogy files.In the top-left hand corner of your screen, click the File menu.Select either Open, Import or Import GEDCOM.If .ged is not already highlighted in the file type box, then scroll down and select GEDCOM or .ged.Browse to the location on your computer where you save your GEDCOM files and select the file that you want to open.The program will create a new genealogy database containing the information from the GEDCOM. Enter a filename for this new database, making sure that is one that you can distinguish from your own files. Example: powellgedcomClick Save or Import.The program may then ask you to make a few choices regarding the import of your GEDCOM file. Just follow the directions. If youre not sure what to select, then just stick with the default options.Click OK.A confirmation box may appear stating that your import was successful.You should now be able to read the GEDCOM file in your genealogy software program as a r egular family tree file. Upload a GEDCOM File to Create an Online Family Tree If you dont own family tree software, or prefer to work online, you can also use a GEDCOM file to create an online family tree, allowing you to easily browse the data. However, if you have received a GEDCOM file from someone else, you should be sure to get their permission before using this option as they may not wish the information they have shared with you to be available online. Most online family trees do offer the option to create a completely private tree (see below). Some online family tree builder programs, most notably Ancestry Member Trees and MyHeritage, include an option to start a new family tree by importing a GEDCOM file. From the Upload a Family Tree page on Ancestry, click on the Browse button to the right of Choose a file. In the window that comes up, browse to the appropriate GEDCOM file on your hard drive. Select the file and then click the Open button.  Enter a name for your family tree and accept the submission agreement (read it first!).From the main MyHeritage page, select Import Tree (GEDCOM) under the Get Started button. Navigate to the file on your computer and click Open. Then select Get Started to import the GEDCOM file and create your family tree (dont forget to read the Service Terms and Privacy Policy!). Both Ancestry.com and MyHeritage.com offer options to create a completely private online family tree, viewable only by you, or the people you invite. These are not the default option settings, however, so if you want a private family tree you will need to take a few extra steps. See What are the Privacy Options for My Family Site? on MyHeritage or Privacy for Your Family Tree on Ancestry.com for step-by-step instructions.

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 1247 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House,† at first take, is often seen as what he suggest by naming it as such. But, by reading carefully or watching, as it is a play, there are certain things to pick up that really help the play come together as so much more. Through his use of symbols, motifs, and reoccurring â€Å"women-based† themes, Henrik Ibsen effectively presents his characters, and the play as a whole, as a wonderful work of art and a great â€Å"problem play.† It is in the first line, that the season in which the play is set is announced. This is important because Christmas and New Years are notoriously thought of in connection with a new start or new beginnings. Along with the Christmas tree and the new beginnings it symbolizes, there are three large, reoccurring themes – sacrificial role of women, unreliability of appearance, and parental obligations. As the play progresses, there are many situations brought to light that hint to the possible roles of women during the time, and the sacrifices they might have had to go through. The first of these many situation is that of Mrs. Linde, who felt compelled by her mother’s sickness and the need to take care of her, to leave the man she loved for a man that could afford her need to care for her two siblings and their sickly mother. Another such situation is that of the Nanny in the Helmer household, it is stated that she left her children in order to become the nanny in the household when Nora was just a child. Along with this, theShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signedRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Vict orian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†

E learning system Free Essays

E-learning is another form of distance learning where education and training courses are delivered using computer technology. Typically, this means that courses are delivered either via the Internet, or on computer networks (linked computers). With the increased availability of PC’s and Internet access, E-Learning is a web application uses JSP. We will write a custom essay sample on E learning system or any similar topic only for you Order Now The database is Oracle log. This online application enables the ND users to register online, select the subject, read the tutorial and appear for the exam online. A person Is given three attempts to pass a paper. In subjects containing more than one exam, the candidate should take tests in a particular sequence and also he can attempt the next test only if he has completed the previous papers. The correct answers for the questions are displayed after the exam. The date of the registration, date of exam, number of attempts, test results etc. Re stored in the database. 1. 2 Purpose: – Education through the Internet, network and a computer Is E-learning. This helps In network enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. Learning refers to use of electronic applications and processes to learn. This is a web based application which can be hosted in the website of any training institute. The students will be able to register online, read the course material and write online exam. Certificates also will be issued online. The objectives of this project are . To provide distance learning To make It convenient for people who have other commitments Cost reduction Reduced paper work Computer evaluated tests 1. 3 Understanding Of Existing System : Shows educators and trainers how to adapt teaching methods and materials to make use of the Internet. Including a framework showing how to apply Internet technology progressively as skills and confidence grow, the project demonstrates the route from adapting materials to developing a virtual course. Nowadays, when people are not having time to visit an institute. Therefore, the software is designed to provide the education through Internet. The project â€Å"E – LEARNING† helps the common world in any field they are to get the knowledge what they want even sitting at their places. This helps them to spare time In their busy schedule and save their time during transportation. 1. 4 Tools/Environment used. How to cite E learning system, Essays

Marketing Management TESCO

Questions: 1. Apply a marketing audit framework to complete an internal and external environmental review using selected criteria for evaluation. From this analysis, which could be tabulated, a well-conceived SWOT is required to assess and summarise the current position.2. Analyse Market Attractiveness, Market Segmentation and market targeting, Impactful brand value propositions to secure a competitive position, specific, relevant marketing mix plan for next 3 years to build customer loyalty and Marketing Resource requirement.3. Analyse revenue growth forecasts together with the source of revenue streams link back to the market segments. The impact upon cash flow must be considered as well as profit contribution over the next three years. If appropriate, break even should be featured as a basis for illustrating cash flow and profit contributions. Answers: 1. Apply a marketing audit framework to complete an internal and external environmental review using selected criteria for evaluation. From this analysis, which could be tabulated, a well-conceived SWOT is required to assess and summarise the current position. Tesco considers its marketing audit a fundamental part of carrying out its marketing planning process. The company does not conduct it only at the beginning of its marketing process, but also at various other points during the implementation of the entire plan (Brand Finance, 2014). Tesco takes care that its marketing audit considers both internal and external market environments and their on its marketing plan. This marketing audit has been prepared and completed in a way that it provides a great opportunity to Tesco to thoroughly review and appraise its entire marketing activity or plan, enabling the company to efficiently assess its past and present performance, as well as provide it the basis for evaluating and gauging all possible future courses of action say for over a period of next three years. Since the business environment is constantly changing and developing, this marketing audit is an effective reference tool for Tesco, with endless updates highlighting changes ups and d owns in the external business environment and its own internal business experiences and environment as a whole (Brand Finance, 2014). No doubt, there are endless internal and external factors that are to be considered for the success and growth of a business. The audit framework consisted of both SWOT and PESTLE analysis. PESTLE FRAMEWORK PESTLE analysis has been used to gauge the external macro environment of Tesco (Blythman, 2012). It involved scanning of the following external factors: Political Factors: Tesco operated in a globalized environment and has stores across the world. The organizations performance has always got highly influence by the various political, as well as legislative conditions of all the countries that it operates in (Drejer, 2000). For employment rules and regulations, the government has always encouraged retailers so as to provide a plethora of job opportunities from highly flexible, low paid and locally based to greatly skilled, high paid and ventrally located ones. Also, to meet the demands of the diverse target groups, the audit has carefully considered the political factors. Tesco completely understands that retailing being an the impact of retailing on jobs and people factors is great integrally local and labor intensive sector, has a deep impact on jobs and people factors (Finch, 2004). And so, the company recruits a large number of people from different categories of population on the basis of age, sex, etc. This is why the analysis of political factors has been done as part of this audit. Economic Factors: These factors have been considered because these are of great concern to Tesco perhaps since they influence demand, prices, costs and profits. The audit carefully analyzed these factors because their effects on marketing mix and performance of the company can be profound. The economic factors are very important to be analyzed, especially for a company like Tesco as it is highly dependent on the UK market and hence would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK market (Bunn Ellis, 2014). Social/Cultural Factors: These factors have been carefully analyzed as part of the PESTLE analysis framework. The shopping trends of British customers have witnessed a great change due to a variety of social changes (Flavin, 2010). The socio-cultural factors have been considered to gauge the all these trends and hence enable Tesco to build a marketing plan in accordance with the socio-cultural changes. The analysis of these factors would enable Tesco focus on added value products and services. Technological Factors: Since technology is one of the major macro-environment factors that have greatly influence the development of numerous products and services of Tesco, the audit focused onto these factors so that it is easy for the company to assess its past and present performance, as well as provide for evaluating and gauging all possible future courses of action say for over a period of next three years (Graiser, 2004). Legislative Factors: The government legislations and rules have always had a direct impact on Tescos performance. The legislative factors have been considered in the marketing audit so Tesco could implement effective policies in future and develop a highly productive marketing plan. Environmental Factors: All the environmental factors were efficiently analyzed so that Tesco acts in a way which benefits the society overall. The analysis of environmental factors as part of the market audit will enable Tesco to develop a marketing plan that is in sync with the sustainable development and hence minimize the environmental damage (Bunn Ellis, 2014). Hence, the analysis would help the organization in developing and advertising the products and services in a way that they do not harm the environment and no extra tax has to be paid (Johnson, 2003). The various external and internal environmental factors that have been reviewed as part of this audit are the following: 1. The External Marketing Environment: Since Tesco is a market oriented organization. The following things were analyzed as part of the audit: A. Analyzing the nature of Tescos customers1. The nature of customer segmentation, targeting and positioning in its market2. Customers perception of Tesco3. Needs of the customers and how to satisfy them4. Consumer behaviour and their buyer decision process5. What customers value and how could Tesco provide that valueB. Analyzing the nature of competition in target markets of Tesco1. Number or concentration of competitive brands2. The competitors marketing plans and strategies3. Strengths and weaknesses linked with the competition4. Competitors level of profitabilityC. Analyzing the cultural level of environments1. Beliefs and religions2. The standards of people and average levels of literacy3. Changing shopping trends of target consumers4. Lifestyles of target customers5. The nature of consumerism in target marketsD. Analyzing the demography of target customers1. Average age of target customers2. Levels of population3. Gender makeup of the target groupE. Analyzing how technology pla ys a role among customers1. The way in which the goods are manufactured2. Information systems available3. Levels of adoption of mobile and ITs among the target consumers4. Uses of marketing and technology in effective market communicationsF. Analyzing the economic conditions of Tescos target markets1. Taxation policy in target market2. Levels of average disposable income3. Economic indicators such as interest rates, inflation levels, level of unemployment, etc.G. Analyzing if the legal andpolitical landscape changing in any way1. Levels of regulation such as tariffs.2. Laws and regulations3. Labor laws, etc 2. The Internal Marketing Environment. The factors that were considered to analyze the internal market environment are:A. Analyzing the resources that Tesco has at hand, i.e. the five Ms1. Men i.e. the labor and its productivity2. Money i.e. the finances3. Machinery i.e. all the equipment4. Minutes i.e. the time and time management5. Materials i.e. all the factors of productionB. Analyzing how the market team is organized at TescoC. Analyzing the effectiveness and efficiency of Tescos marketing teamD. Analyzing how the internal functions are carried outE. Analyzing the effectiveness of the companys Customer Relationship Management (CRM)F. Analyzing the state of the companys marketing planning processG. Analyzing the effectiveness of Tescos customer facing processesH. Analyzing the nature of the customer care service being provided by the companyI. Analyzing how profitable the companys product portfolio isJ. Analyzing the companys pricing strategyK. Analyzing the state of Tescos physical evidenceL. Analyzing the strength o f Tescos communication processes and effectiveness As per above marketing audit, SWOT analysis can be carried out for Tesco. By definition, SWOT analysis is a structured planning carried before initiating any marketing activity (Clarke, 2012). It involves examining strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in the project or activity to be undertaken by the company. Identification of SWOT is highly crucial since it helps the marketers at later stages to plan the objective. Objectives can be attainable depending on the SWOT analysis. If marketers feel that objectives are not attainable as per SWOT then a different objective can be set (Clarke, 2012). S (Strengths): Tesco is one of the powerful brands across globe. The presence of the company has rapidly been expanding by opening of various stores. Statically, Tesco has around 6784 stores across different countries. The company offers complete customer satisfaction, value for money and is sensitive towards issues of customers. The business models adopted by the company are highly innovative. These include starting up of ventures such as Tesco Metro and Tesco Express. These small stores provide easy option to customers to do shopping of diverse products. The company made it a point to open different stores in every locality so that customers dont have to move far away to get the products of daily use (Lindgreen, 2003). Apart from this, Tesco has also tried hand in global operations such as online shopping, joint ventures with other companies etc. One of the plus points for Tesco is that company can easily buy bulk and can offer products at affordable rates. Hence, the company is hi ghly strengthened. W (Weaknesses): Tesco has been operating in various industries such as food, clothing, furniture, petrol etc. Its diversified approach has been its weaknesses. The company offers its customers the convenience to pay through credit cards. Tesco has been impacted badly by bad credit card histories and unnecessary insurance claims. Secondly, the company lacks experience in some industries due to which it has not been able to be successful in all the industries, it operates in. For example, Tesco also deals in manufacturing tablets and Smartphone, it is a weak point for the company since the company doesnt possess much experience in this field. Thirdly, the company has to invest in web technologies in order to minimise price reduction strategies (Collins, 2010). O (Opportunities): Besides strengths and weaknesses, Tesco enjoys number of opportunities as well. The company can expand in fields such as digital entertainment and its investment in manufacturing its own Smartphone and tablets can be one of the plus points for this. Secondly, the concept of online shopping started by Tesco can offer greater convenience to people who are leading a fast life and dont have time visit retail stores. As a result, Tesco is making efforts to expand their operations in this sector. Alternatively, in case of recession or financially unstable times, the company provides cost effective products to customers at maximum value. Thirdly, the company can also consider expanding in Australian market where competition in grocery retail market is comparatively low. T (Threats): Any company with numerous strengthens, weaknesses, and opportunities is likely to face many threats as well. Being a global and leading player in retail market, the company is targeted by local and other global players such as Sainsburys, Morrisons etc. Secondly, the takeover of Asda by Wal-Mart is a threat for Tesco. Alsom Wal-Mart has latest skills, experience and personnel as compare to Tesco to deal with challenges of dynamic business environment. Hence, consumers in UK are more inclined towards Wal-Mart than Tesco. This SWOT analysis can provide an opportunity to marketers at Tesco to set marketing objectives as per the analysis. Besides this, it helps marketers to examine any risks involved in marketing campaigns (Felgate, 2011). Once risks are examined, marketers can adopt relevant measures to mitigate those risks and run marketing campaigns effectively. Strengths and opportunities must be considered in order to set clear objectives while threats and weaknesses must be considered in order to make sure that marketing campaign includes the steps to address them. In spite of this, Tesco is all set a benchmark in the retail industry and focus on innovative business models. 3. Analyse Market Attractiveness, Market Segmentation and market targeting, Impactful brand value propositions to secure a competitive position, specific, relevant marketing mix plan for next 3 years to build customer loyalty and Marketing Resource requirement. Market attractiveness: The ample number of opportunities provided by market makes it an alluring option to pursue the market opportunity. The field of groceries, departmental store products and merchandise retailing span over a great variety of products/services which makes TESCO the highest shareholders of the market with the market amounting to one third in the United Kingdom. The market opportunity of opening a new store can serve as a great chance of expansion and help the company carve out a space for itself in the heat of the customer where TESCO might not have ventured previously. Once this market opportunity gets successful, it offers more than several benefits to TESCO be it from the economic angle, the business point of view or the social aspects. This is a field which is never ending and newer up gradation would keep on garlanding the industry with each coming day. In the days of a specific event; be it a sporting fest, a cultural celebration or a local festival (Hall, 201 1). The ease of business plays an important role in the attractiveness of the market because the legislative, political and economic policies determine the way out for utilizing the market opportunities by which the intended expansion can be realized. Market segmentation market targeting: Choosing a specific market is very crucial for maximizing profit from any market opportunity coming in the way for TESCO. As TESCO operates in varied amount of products and services like its groceries being found in smaller clusters called Superstores then in TESCO metro and increasing higher in the form of TESCO extras which are a larger store for sales. The specific markets are needed to be targeted where the purchasing power of the customer suits the type of TESCO stores so that the financial capabilities and profits may catch up with the intended expansion and the company can run its business successfully. A poorly targeted market can backfire and not only the market opportunity will be wasted but it can also incur losses instead of profits. This also means that the type of products which can introduce must be of the specific type which caters to the need of the customers (Koen, 2011). As many developing nations have a large consumer base bu t still smaller stores are preferred most of the times. So market segmentation has to be done on those specific lines only. Impactful brand value proposition to secure a competitive position: When a market opportunity is to be utilized, there are already many competitors which are present in the market and have created a customer base which is loyal to them since long. Carving out a space for TESCO is an uncompromising task which requires lot to be done. The only way to achieve that is strengthening the brand value by which the name TESCO itself can propel the customer base to get inclined towards the products (Kotler, 2013). The reputation of the company is determined by its brand value itself. When a strong brand value is accomplished, the position in the market grows by which TESCO can attain a promising stature. This will not only help to get a respectable market share but also helps lead the competition. Specific, relevant marketing mix plan for next 3 years to build consumer loyalty: The conventional concept of Shimizu's four Cs stating commodity, cost, communication, channel still holds good for building consumer loyalty. Alternatively, the concept of four Ps price, product, promotion, and place by McCarthy can be used for TESCO to utilize the market opportunity available. The company has been serving the customers since 1919 which testifies the path it has covered (Ma, 2013). In McCarthys model, the product has to be as per the customer needs which will draw more customers to the stores and put a direct impact on the sales which would promote the sales. This concept of product also has to take into account the local tastes which can act as another factor to boost up the product sales. The pricing is to be optimistic and if products need to be customized for matching the pricing constraints, even that can form a part of the marketing mix plan. The next P comes as promotion which re fers to advertising and maintaining public relations in order to reach out to wider consumer base by promoting the products and stores (Ma, 2010). The last element of four Ps is place which indicates the wider geographical distribution of it and this is the major aim to be achieved by opening a new store because it will enhance the distribution, franchising also can be employed for this purpose. The four Cs model takes communication instead of promotion emphasizing that it is a form of dialogue and establishes a channel instead of just promoting the product or services. Marketing resource requirement: Advertising forms the backbone for marketing TESCO products and services. As the operations have been taken to more than 10 countries situated in the continents of Asia and the Europe (Piercy, 2010). TESCO is the topmost business house in The Republic of Ireland, Hungary in central Europe and countries like Malaysia and Thailand in Asia. The concept of marketing has acquired newer shapes and to cater to the needs of these many nations, marketing through media requires to be concocted with marketing through social media. The satellite offices in these nations can serve as a beacon for expansion in these countries because they offer various types of consumers (Piercy, 2010). The marketing today requires intelligent investment as it is growing as an industry in itself which is becoming country specific in selling groceries and merchandise. Expanding by opening a new store would ask for marketing staff to work upon the induction of the brand in the list of already existing businesses in the area and research a way out by which it can be safely inferred that why TESCO store would stand out from the rest of the lot. The pouring in of reliable products and services at first will be further give a positive sign because at the outset, the customers may take the products and stores as a pilot project. The conventional marketing strategies and tie ups will be required (Retail Economics, 2014). 4. Analyse revenue growth forecasts together with the source of revenue streams link back to the market segments. The impact upon cash flow must be considered as well as profit contribution over the next three years. If appropriate, break even should be featured as a basis for illustrating cash flow and profit contributions. Revenue growth forecasting forms a part of the revenue management of TESCO in the light of market opportunities. The larger process involves gathering of information about the stores, sales and costumer statistics (Ruddick, 2014). The segmentation of market discussed in above mentioned topic comes next which subdivides the customers and classify them on the basis of purchasing power to some specific products or services of TESCO. The revenue growth forecasting can be done on the basis of certain parameters like demand, the availability of stocks, the share in the industry and the gross market. As it is a crucial part of business, it takes time to develop and be carried out. There are certain models which are to be used for this purpose like the graphical curves, cancellation curves etc. Coming to the quantitative analysis of revenue forecasting, as reported by Ken Perkins in January 2015, TESCO share increased by 10% and its U.K. like-for-like sales (excluding fuel) declined 2.9% in the third quarter but it has actually shown an improvement because in last quarter, it had declined by 5.4%. Now this decrease in decline had been seen because of multi-channel development by TESCO (Schiraldi, 2014). This growth can be reiterated by TESCO in the market opportunity like when opening a new store as well. The market segmentation comes into play for making this forecast which decide the priorities and preferences of the customer and also propel the company to formulate strategy for maximizing the profit. Now lets the case that the market opportunity is a newly opened store which falls in the category of TESCO EXTRAS. This store houses all types of products which are sold by TESCO. The segmentation can be done by cluster analysis, latent class analysis or neural networks. When the market is segmented on demographic or geographical basis, the sales of products which are customized to needs of the consumers increases rapidly. The revenue curve goes up for those certain pro ducts of TESCO in the specified time period (Stevenson, 2014). The segmentation which is based on the benefits makes division among the customer groups (or businesses, country group) also indicates increase in revenue for the next 3 years. Now there can be several other indications which forecast a positive growth for the revenue for the company in such a market opportunity when a new TESCO Extra store is intended to be opened (Tesco plc, 2014). As it is a reputed brand and has been the leading seller in the markets in Ireland and other countries, the customer base will have a general inclination towards the brand name for the new store but it requires to be tapped in such a way that the customer base is not only created in the form of new customer but also retained forever in order to run the business on profits. The cash flow is definite to go up for the next three years which will make a profit for TESCO when the sales would be increased. Now opening a new store means the distribution will get a boost because one of the aspects of four Ps is place which means that geographical center will be increased and it will lead to enhancing of outreach (Thompson, 2012). This will also mean that the cash inflow which was previously targeted towards the local market or other companies which sell the same products or services as TESCO extra will be selling to the customers. This will also mean that the cash inflow which was previously targeted towards the local market or other companies which sell the same products or services as TESCO extra will be selling to the customers. This cash inflow is also likely to step up if the products are not regularly available or the price range which is being put up by the old stores and sellers is not well suited to the larger chunk of the customer base. When discussi ng about cash inflow or profit contribution, it is important to focus on the break-even point. It is an important link of the chain in evaluating the impact upon cash flow and profits over the next 3 years for TESCO (Wood, 2014). The importance of break-even can be realized from the fact that it emerged as a concept of economics and pertained only to the financial world but today it is being widely used for different fields. Basically, the break-even point is a sort of threshold which is said to be achieved when the cost or the expenditure becomes the same as the income before making any deductions. This will make both of them levelled and hence, break-even is shown graphically as the point where the cost and the revenue line intersect at the same point and in theoretical terms, it is measured by dividing the fixed cost by the contribution margin per unit (Wood, 2014). According to Fundamentals of Corporate Finance by Brealey, R., Myers, S., Marcus, A., Maynes, E., Mitra, D. value a dd break even analysis is a more preferred analysis because it takes into consideration all costs along with the investment required to be put in for developing a project. In the instant case of TESCO, there will be certain costs which are to be incurred by the company for utilizing the market opportunity. First and foremost is the infrastructural development and recruitment of staff. Then the training required to make the personnel acclimatize with the business so that the opportunity can be utilized to the fullest also adds up to the cost (Balchin, 1994). The former is usually a one-time cost but the latter is ongoing which has to be clubbed with the cost of running the business in the usual course of time. This all adds up in the value added break-even point method and the cash flow are to be compared against the expenditure. Now as the period given is three years, it involves 12 quarters and as per the trends the profit is likely to flow as the cash flow will increase and in suc h a period of three years, the revenue will outweigh the costs which had been incurred initially and also the running costs of the business of TESCO (Clarke, 1992). References Balchin A. (1994) Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation?, Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp.43-57; Blythman, J. (2012). Shopped: The shocking power of British supermarkets. London: HarperCollins. Brand Finance. (2014). Global 500 2014: The worlds most valuable brands. Available at: https://brandirectory.com/league_tables/table/global-500-2014. Accessed on 6 March, 2015. Bunn, P. and Ellis, C. (2012). Examining the behaviour of individual UK consumer prices. The Economic Journal, 122(558), F35-F55. Clarke I. 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